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GAS CAO `reference`	Gwynedd Archive Services, Caernarfon Archive Office e.g. [GAS CAO: XD/35/420] is Caernarfon Archive Office item XD/35/420
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Holmes 1999	Alan Holmes, Slates from Abergynolwyn, Caernarfon: Gwynedd Archive Services 1999, ISBN 0901337730
Holmes 2003	Alan Holmes, correspondence June 2003
Hopkinson 2002	John Hopkinson, conversation June 2002
Hughes 2005	Simon J S Hughes, Lost Mines in Mid-Wales (provisional title), unpublished work
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IMnI	International Manganese Institute About Manganese and the History of Manganese
Jones & Gwyn 1989	Eric Jones and David Gwyn, 1989, Dolgarog: An Industrial History, Caernarfon: Gwynedd County Council Archives and Museums Service, ISBN 0901337501
James 2003	David James, correspondence July 2003
Jones, A 2003	Anne Jones, correspondence April 2003
Jones, G 2002	Geraint Jones, Talybont, conversation November 2002
Jones, G 2003	Geraint Jones, Talybont, conversation and sight of a transcription of the diary for 1845 of Morris Jones, Graig Isaf, Cwm Nantcol
Jones, W 2006	Bill Jones, Glanypwll, conversation January 2006
Jones, 2009	Jones, Graig Isaf, Cwm Nantcol, conversation August 2009
Lancaster 2005	John B Lancaster Jr., Chesapeake, Virginia, USA, correspondence June 2005 concerning Lancaster family history
Layzell Ward 2002	Patricia Lazell Ward, Minfordd, correspondence December 2002 concerning manganese-related material in Ffestiniog Railway archives
Llangollen Advertiser	Llangollen Advertiser, Denbighshire, Merionethshire and North Wales Journal
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NLW MAP `reference`	National Library of Wales map
NLW MS `reference`	National Library of Wales manuscript
North Wales Chronicle	The North Wales Chronicle and Advertiser for the Principality
North Wales Express	The North Wales Express
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OS 2nd edn	Ordnance Survey 6" map of Merioneth Second Edition (sheet number shown in roman numerals, year of revision shown in parentheses). Sheets published individually 1901–1902.
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PRO BT `reference`	The National Archives of the UK, Public Record Office, Board of Trade e.g. [PRO BT31/5628/39227] is Files of Dissolved Companies 5628/39227
PRO Census `year`	The National Archives of the UK, Public Record Office, UK Census
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Roberts, J 2002	John Roberts, Gwynedd Archaeological Trust, conversation July 2002
Roe & Weston 2004	David Roe & Neil Weston, ‘Mineral Oddity’ Welsh Mines Society Newsletter No. 51, Winter 2004, p. 10 (item 25)
Ruston 2000	J Ruston, An informal photo tour of the Manganese Mines c. September 2000 (this website is no longer accessible)
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Smith 1997	R A Smith, ‘The Manganese Mines of West Merionedd [sic]’ Unpublished history dissertation, University of Wales, Bangor
Speake 2002	Liz Speak, conversation December 2002
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Twigg 2001	G D Twigg, correspondence December 2001
Welsh Gazettee	Welsh Gazette and West Wales Advertiser
Waite 2009	Mark Waite, Corris Mine Explorers, conversation October 2009
Wilkinson 2003	Jeremy S Wilkinson, information from Wilkinson’s gazetteer and bibliography of the Mines and Quarries of North Wales, 2003. Reference numbers, e.g. [Wilkinson 2003: 14278], refer to site (mine or quarry) identifiers in the gazetteer.
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Williams 2006	Hugh Williams, Llanaber, conversation December 2006
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Woodland 1939	A W Woodland ‘The petrography and petrology of the Lower Cambrian manganese ore of West Merionethshire’, Quarterly Journal Geological Society London, vol 95, pp. 1–35, 1939
Wrexham and Denbighshire Advertiser	Wrexham and Denbighshire Advertiser and Cheshire Shropshire and North Wales Register
Young 1954	J F Young, Materials and Processes, London: Chapman & Hall Ltd, 1954

Other sources and further reading
	Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, Mineral Statistics, (1848–1920)
	Statistical appendices to Annual Reports of the Secretary for Mines and HM Chief Inspector of Mines, (1921–1928)
	‘Domestic Haematite and Manganese’ Mining Magazine, Vol. 88 No. 2 (February 1953), pp. 66–67
	Archer, A A, (1959) ‘The Distribution of Non-Ferrous ores in the Lower Palaeozoic Rocks of North Wales’ The Future of Non-Ferrous Mining in Great Britain and Ireland: a Symposium. The Institution of Mining and Metallurgy. pp. 259–276, 304–311.
	F A Bannister, M H Hey and W Campbell Smith, (1955) ‘Grovesite, the manganese-rich analogue of berthierine’ Mineralogical Magazine, 30, pp. 645–647.
	M A Bennett, (1987) ‘The Cambrian manganese deposits of North Wales’ Unpublished Ph.D. thesis (BLDSC thesis no. D85668), University of Leeds (Department of Earth Sciences).
	M A Bennett, (1987) ‘Genesis and diagenesis of the Cambrian manganese deposits, Harlech, North Wales’ Geological Journal, 22, pp. 7–18.
	J L H Binstock, (1977) ‘Petrology and sedimentation of the Cambrian manganese-rich sediments of the Harlech Dome, North Wales’ Ph.D. thesis, Harvard University. (Harvard University HOLLIS Catalogue Number: 003157199)
	R Burt & P Waite, An Introduction to the Mineral Statistics of the United Kingdom, British Mining no. 23, Northern Mine Research Society, 1983
	A H Curtis, Manganese Ores, Monographs on Mineral Resources, London: Imperial Institute, 1919 (lst edition)
	H Dewey & C E N Bromehead, Memoirs of The Geological Survey, Special Reports on Mineral Resources, Mineral Resources of Great Britain: Tungsten and Manganese Ores, London: HMSO, 1st edition (1915)
	Margaret Griffith, ‘Manganese Mining at Rhiw in Llyn between 1827 and 1945’, Caernarvonshire Historical Society, Transactions, vol 50 (1989)
	A W Groves, Manganese Ores, Monographs on Mineral Resources, London: Imperial Institute, 2nd edition 1938
	Helen B M Harris, ‘Manganese Mining in West Devon’ Tamar Journal, No. 9 (1987), pp. 20–24
	P A Mohr, 1956. A geochemical study of the Lower Cambrian manganese ore of the Harlech Dome, North Wales. Symposium sobre yacimientos de manganeso, 20th International Geological Congress, Mexico Rep XX Congress Geol Int, tomo (vol) 5, Europa. pp 273–289, 1956
	P A Mohr, 1964. Genesis of the Cambrian manganese carbonate rocks of North Wales. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 34, pp. 819–829
	F J North, Mining for Metals in Wales, National Mueseum of Wales, Cardiff, 1962
	C E Rance, ‘Occurrence of Manganese and Haematite at Nant Uchaf, near Abergele, Denbighshire, in the Old Red Sandstone or Carboniferous Basement Beds’ Manchester Geological Society Vol. XVII, p. 47
	D Roberts, 1986. ‘Geochemistry of recent freshwater manganese tunnel deposits’ Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Wales
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	R W Toll, ‘Manganese in West Devon’ Mining Magazine, Vol. XCIX No. 1 (July 1958), pp. 17–19
	A W Woodland, 1935. Spessartite in the Cambrian manganese ore of Merionethshire. Geological Magazine, 72, 384.
	A W Woodland, 1938. Petrological studies in the Harlech Grit Series of Merionethshire. I. Metamorphic changes in the mudstones of the Manganese Shale Group. Geological Magazine, 75, pp 366–382.
	A W Woodland, ‘The manganese deposits of Great Britain’, Symposium sobre yacimientos de manganeso, 20th International Geological Congress, Mexico Rep XX Congress Geol Int, tomo (vol) 5, Europa. pp 197–218, 1956

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Bibliography

Other sources and further reading